(°!  So 


r^-m 


Mobbing  of  John  R.  Shillady 

Secretary  of  the  National  Association 
for  the  Advancement  of  Colored  People 

AT — - 

Austin,  Texas,  Aug.  22, 1919 


County  Judge  Boasts  of  His  Leader, 
ship  in  the  Mobbing 


Governor  W.  P.  Hobby  of  Texas 
Publicly  Approves  the 
Mob  Attack 


^STATEMENT  BY  THE: 


NATIONAL  ASSOCIATION  FOR  THE 
ADVANCEMENT  of  COLORED  PEOPLE 
SEVENTY  FIFTH  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK 

October,  1919 


Mobbing  of  John  R.  Shillady 

THE  following  account  of  the  mobbing  of  John  R. 

Shillady,  Secretary  of  the  National  Association 
for  the  Advancement  of  Colored  People,  at  Austin, 
Texas,  August  22,  1919,  by  a County  Judge,  a con- 
stable and  other  Texas  citizens,  is  submitted  by  the 
Association  in  response  to  numerous  inquiries  which 
have  been  made  by  branches,  members  and  friends 
of  the  Association  and  from  other  citizens,  concern- 
ing the  assault.  This  assault  upon  Mr.  Shillady  has 
become  a matter  of  national  concern  because  of  the 
explicit  and  unqualified  approval  of  mob  action  by 
Governor  W.  P.  Hobby  of  Texas,  expressed  by  him 
in  a telegram  to  the  Association  and  in  an  address 
made  at  Fort  Worth,  Texas,  a few  days  following  the 
assault. 

Mr.  Shillady  left  New  York  on  August  16th  and 
arrived  at  Austin,  Texas,  late  on  Wednesday,  August 
20th,  having  spent  a day  and  a half  in  Chicago  en 
route.  His  purpose  in  coming  to  Austin  was  to  learn 
from  the  Governor,  Attorney  General  and  other  res- 
ponsible officials  what  had  occasioned  the  inquiry 
which  had  been  conducted  in  Austin  into  the  Associa- 
tion’s and  the  local  branch’s  affairs ; to  ascertain  what 
legal  objections,  if  any,  had  been  raised  against  the 
Association,  and  to  offer  the  fullest  co-operation  to  all 
officials  who  desired  to  inquire  into  the  Association’s 
activities.  Before  leaving  New  York  Mr.  Shillady 
had  telegraphed  Attorney  General  C.  M.  Cureton  and 
Justice  of  the  Peace  M.  M.  Johnson,  before  whom 
local  branch  officers  had  appeared,  apprising  them  of 
his  coming.  Letters  were  also  sent,  together  with 
annual  reports,  to  all  officials  whose  names  were 
mentioned  by  the  branch,  speaking  of  Mr.  Shillady’s 
coming."* 

The  telegrams  to  the  Attorney  General  and  the 
Justice  of  the  Peace  included  the  following  in  ad- 


*The  Sheriff,  a Deputy  Sheriff,  the  County  Attorney,  court 
stenographer,  Chief  of  Police  and  a private  citizen. 


2 


dition  to  an  introductory  statement  of  the  occasion 
for  sending  them  and  information  about  the  Asso- 
ciation and  its  officers  (the  fact  being  cited  that  a 
governor  of  one  state  was  the  president  of  one 
branch) : 

“On  behalf  of  the  National  Office  (of  the  Associ- 
ation) I beg  leave  to  offer  to  you  any  information 
regarding  the  Association  which  you  desire.  As  its 
national  secretary  I expect  to  be  in  Austin  within 
a week.” 

Shortly  after  his  arrival,  the  National  Secretary 
arranged  to  meet  a committee  of  the  Austin  Branch 
to  secure  from  them  an  authoritative  statement  of 
their  relations  with  Texas  state  officials  and  local 
authorities.  Mr.  Shillady  made  it  clear  that  he 
would  hold  or  address  no  meetings,  and  that  his 
purpose  in  coming  to  Austin  was  to  talk  matters 
over  frankly  and  fully  with  the  chief  executive  of- 
ficers of  the  State  of  Texas. 

At  the  conference  with  the  Branch  committee  the 
officers  gave  Mr.  Shillady  an  account  of  their  sum- 
mons before  State  and  local  officials,  about  which 
they  had  already  written  to  Headquarters.  The 
branch  president  and  secretary  had  been  summoned 
to  appear  before  a Justice  of  the  Peace  and  to  bring 
all  books,  papers,  correspondence  etc.  belonging  or 
pertaining  to  the  National  Association  for  the 
Advancement  of  Colored  People,  at  which  time  they 
had  been  questioned  by  the  County  Attorney.  The 
secretary  had  just  received  a half-dozen  copies  oi 
the  Crisis  and  these  were  taken  by  the  officials  and 
read. 

Subsequently  these  two  officers  were  further 
questioned  by  officials  of  the  office  of  the  Adjutant 
General,  by  the  Captain  of  the  State  Ranger’s  force, 
and  by  the  County  Judge. 

The  Branch  officers  said  that  they  had  endeavored 
to  acquaint  the  authorities  fully  with  the  purposes 
and  scope  of  the  Association’s  work,  and  believed 
they  had  convinced  them  of  its  legal  and  peaceful 
nature. 

* Thursday  morning  Mr.  Shillady  waited  at  the  hotel 
for  an  expected  extra  supply  of  annual  reports,  of  the 
volume,  “Thirty  Years  of  Lynching  in  the  United 

3 


States,”  of  the  Call  for  a National  Conference  on 
Lynching  and  the  “Address  to  the  Nation”  (on 
Lynching  and  Mob  Violence).  He  wished  to  be  able 
to  present  a copy  of  each  of  these  publications  to 
such  officials  as  he  might  call  upon,  as  evidence  of 
the  unimpeachable  character  of  the  National  Associ- 
ation’s work  and  of  the  high  standing  of  the  leaders 
of  American  opinion,  North  and  South,  who  had  co- 
operated with  it  in  endeavors  to  check  lynching  and 
mob  violence. 

He  had  a supply  of  biographical  sketches  of  the 
Association’s  officers  which  he  used  to  show  the  per- 
sonnel and  past  careers  of  such  officers. 

Finding  the  publications  had  not  come  by  two  P. 
M.,  Mr.  Shilladv  went  to  the  State  House.  As  the 
Governor’s  office,  his  first  call,  was  closed,  he  went 
to  the  office  of  the  Attorney  General  where  he  saw 
the  First  Assistant  to  the  Attorney  General,  the 
Attorney  General  being  absent. 

Mr.  Shillady  learned  from  the  Acting  Attorney 
General  and  the  Acting  Adjutant  General,  whom  he 
saw  later  in  the  day,  what  had  led  up  to  the  inquiry 
into  the  local  branch’s  affairs. 

Rumors  had  become  current,  it  was  said,  that 
Negroes  were  buying  high  powered  rifles  and 
ammunition  and  the  officials  asserted  that  investi- 
gations had  shown  a basis  of  fact  for  the  rumors. 
It  was  feared  by  the  authorities,  so  Mr.  Shillady 
was  informed,  that  there  might  be  an  “armed  up- 
rising” among  the  Negroes.  For  some  time  before 
Mr.  Shillady  reached  Austin  a score  of  colored 
men,  said  to  have  been  participants  in  a conflict  be- 
tween whites  and  colored  at  Longview,  Texas,  in 
July,  had  been  held  in  jail  at  Austin.  Eleven  of  them 
had  just  been  freed,  he  was  told,  some  on  bond,  but 
prior  to  this,  rumors  of  anticipated  attempts  at  res- 
cue, were  said  to  have  been  rife.  Some  26  white  men, 
he  was  told,  had  been  indicted  for  arson  and  other 
crimes  growing  out  of  the  burning  of  Longview 
Negroes’  houses. 

Perhaps  because  of  the  part  played  in  the  Long- 
view affair  by  the  publication  in  a colored  weekly  of 
an  article,  which  was  deeply  resented  by  some  white 

4 


residents  of  Longview,  concerning  a lynching  which 
preceded  the  outbreak  (a  colored  teacher  had  been 
beaten,  charged  with  responsibility  for  the  article, 
which  we  are  informed  he  denied)  the  authorities 
had  carefully  scrutinized  all  Negro  publications. 

The  Longview  conflict  had  been  brought  about 
directly  by  an  attempt  to  drive  the  colored  teacher 
and  a colored  physician  out  of  town,  during  which  a 
white  mob  had  descended  on  their  homes  which  were 
defended  by  a group  of  colored  men.  The  house 
burnings  followed  the  first  attack. 

In  interviews  in  both  the  Attorney  General’s  and 
Adjutant  General’s  offices,  Mr.  Shillady  was  told  of 
the  “evil  effects”  of  certain  Negro  publications  in 
“inciting”  the  Negro  population. 

No  articles  advocating  violence  or  attacks  of  any 
kind  on  white  people  were  shown  or  described  to  Mr. 
Shillady,  the  “incitement”  appearing  to  consist  of 
general  articles  on  race  relations  and  the  race  ques- 
tion. 

When  the  matter  of  purchasing  arms  and  the  al- 
leged danger  of  attacks  on  whites  were  mentioned, 
Mr.  Shillady  remarked  that  he  felt  certain  the 
branches  had  had  nothing  to  do  with  that  and  that 
the  Association’s  sole  reliance  was  on  legal  and  con- 
stitutional methods  for  gaining  its  ends.  Quotations 
in  proof  were  offered  from  the  1918  annual  report 
(page  79)  to  show  the  emphasis  placed  on  legal  and 
constitutional  means  and  the  sentences  cited,  “Its 
fight  is  of  the  brain  and  the  soul  and  to  the  brain 
and  the  soul  of  America,”  and  “It  (the  Association) 
seeks  to  reach  the  conscience  of  America.”* 

Similarly,  when  “social  equality”  was  charged  as 
the  Association’s  aim,  and  the  alleged  demand  for 
“social  equality”  cited  as  “stirring  up  the  niggers,” 
Mr.  Shillady  pointed  out  that  the  N.A.A.C.P.  was 
not  concerned  with  social  equality  but  with  public 
equality,  quoting  or  referring  his  questioners  to 


*On  the  same  page  the  legal  purpose  and  method  of  the 
Association  is  further  exemplified  in  the  sentence:  “In  Con- 
gress and  state  legislatures  and  before  the  bar  of  public 
opinion,  the  Association  must  energetically  and  adequately 
defend  the  Negro’s  right  to  fair  and  equal  treatment.” 

5 


citations  from  the  1918  annual  report,  whenever 
opportunity  offered. 

The  following  excerpt  from  the  1918  annual  report 
of  the  Association,  printed  in  January,  1919,  eight 
months  prior  to  the  Austin  episode,  states  succinctly 
the  Association’s  attitude  on  “social  equality.” 

“Nor  should  any  one  be  led  astray  by  the  tire- 
some talk  about  social  equality.  Social  equality 
is  a private  question  which  may  well  be  left  to  in- 
dividual decision.  But,  the  prejudices  of  indivi- 
duals cannot  be  accepted  as  the  controlling  policy 
of  a state.  The  National  Association  for  the 
Advancement  of  Colored  People  is  concerned  prim- 
arily with  public  equality.  America  is  a nation 
— not  a private  club.  The  privileges  no  less  than 
the  duties  of  citizenship  belong  of  right  to  no 
separate  class  of  the  people  but  to  all  the  people, 
and  to  them  as  individuals.  The  constitution  and 
the  laws  are  for  the  protection  of  the  minority  and 
of  the  unpopular,  no  less  than  for  the  favorites  of 
fortune,  or  they  are  of  no  meaning  as  American 
instruments  of  government.” 

In  all  the  interviews  and  before  the  “court  of  in- 
quiry” later  to  be  mentioned,  emphasis  was  laid  by 
the  Texas  men  on  one  resolution  passed  by  the 
annual  Conference  of  Association  branches  at  Cleve- 
land in  June,  and  appearing  in  the  August  CRISIS 
calling  upon  Congress  to  pass  legislation  for  “equal 
and  unsegregated”  accommodations  on  railroad  cars. 
This  resolution,  it  was  said,  would  “stir  up  trouble” 
and  further,  that  “Texas  policy  is  fixed  and  will  not 
change  on  the  separation  of  the  races.” 

When  the  conversation  was  shifted  to  lynching 
Mr.  Shillady  showed  the  officials  the  Association’s 
“Thirty  Years  of  Lynching  in  the  United  States.” 
The  Acting  Attorney  General  read  accounts  of  those 
which  had  occurred  in  Texas,  recalling  some  of  them. 
In  speaking  of  one  of  the  recent  lynchings  he  told 
Mr.  Shillady  that  the  sheriff  in  that  case  said  he  was 
not  going  to  have  any  good  citizens  of  the  county 
killed  defending  that  “nigger.”  He  also  said  that 
they  were  pressing  the  case  under  contempt  of  court 
proceedings ; that  there  were  a number  of  the  leaders 
of  the  mob  under  arrest  and  that  he  hoped  they  were 
going  to  get  convictions. 


6 


Mr.  Shillady  showed  the  Address  to  the  Nation 
on  lynching  to  both  the  above  mentioned  officers  and 
to  the  court  before  whom  he  appeared  later  that 
day,  pointing  out  the  names  and  standing  of  prom- 
inent people  who  had  signed  it.  The  National  Sec- 
retary reminded  all  of  these  gentlemen  that  no  as- 
sociation which  could,  and  did,  secure  the  signatures 
of  such  eminent  men  as  the  Attorney  General  of  the 
United  States,  governors  of  states,  and  others 
named,  to  an  appeal  against  mob  violence  could  have 
any  connection  with  organizing  Negroes  for  the 
purpose  of  inciting  the  colored  people  against  the 
white  people. 

Among  the  signers,  in  addition  to  Attorney-Gen- 
eral Palmer  are  Former  Governor  Emmet  O’Neal  of 
Alabama ; Governor  Thomas  E.  Campbell  of  Arizona ; 
Ex-President  Taft;  Former  Congressman  and  For- 
mer President  of  the  Georgia  Bar  Association  Wil- 
liam H.  Fleming  of  Augusta;  Bishop  Frederick  F. 
Reese  of  Savannah;  Former  Judge  of  Appellate 
Division  of  Cook  County,  Illinois,  Edward  Osgood 
Brown;  Judge  Orrin  N.  Carter  of  the  Illinois 
Supreme  Court ; Former  Governor  Edward  F.  Dunne 
of  Illinois;  Judge  Julian  W.  Mack  of  the  United 
States  Court  of  Appeals ; George  T.  Page,  President 
of  the  American  Bar  Association;  Governor  W.  L. 
Harding  of  Iowa;  Governor  Henry  J.  Allen  and 
Senator  Arthur  Capper  of  Kansas ; Robert  W.  Bing- 
ham, Publisher  of  the  Louisville,  Ky.,  “Courier- 
Journal”;  Former  Unites  States  Attorney-General 
Charles  J.  Bonaparte  of  Maryland ; Bishop  Theodore 
DuBose  Bratton,  Bishop  Wm.  Mercer  Green  and 
Former  President  of  State  Bar  Association  A.  T. 
Stovall  of  Mississippi ; Governor  Emmet  D.  Boyle  of 
Nevada ; Former  Minister  to  the  Netherlands  Henry 
van  Dyke;  Charles  Evans  Hughes;  Elihu  Root; 
Former  United  States  Attorney-General  Judson 
Harmon;  Governor  A.  H.  Roberts  of  Tennessee; 
George  M.  Bailey  of  the  Houston,  Texas,  “Post”; 
Dean  Wm.  S.  Sutton  of  the  University  of  Texas, 
Austin,  Texas;  James  H.  Dillard,  President  of  the 
Jeanes  Foundation  and  the  Slater  Fund  and  Wm.  M. 
Hunley,  Secretary  of  the  Southern  Race  Commission, 
both  of  Virginia. 


Before  parting  from  the  Acting  Attorney  General 
that  official  remarked  that  the  way  Mr.  Shillady  and 
the  other  national  officers  understood  these  matters 
(i.  e.,  that  basic  changes  would  take  a long  while 
for  achievement)  was  all  right,  but  we  did  not  know 
these  “Southern  niggers,”  who  would  want  “these 
things”  at  once  and  thus  make  trouble.  The  Acting 
Adjutant  General  advised  Mr.  Shillady  to  read  a 
letter  from  Waco  appearing  in  the  local  branch  min- 
utes which  he  considered  cause  for  alarm.  In  fact, 
this  letter  referred  only  to  a victory  Waco  Negroes 
had  won  in  an  injunction  case  restraining  election 
officials  from  preventing  colored  people  from  voting 
in  the  primaries  and  suggested  a federation  of  the 
Texas  branches  for  mutual  protection. 

Mr.  Shillady  parted  from  both  the  Acting  Attorney 
General  and  the  Acting  Adjutant  General  with  the 
understanding  that  he  would  see  the  Governor  and 
the  Captain  of  the  State  Rangers  and  was  dismissed 
in  a courteous  manner. 

After  leaving  the  Adjutant  General’s  office,  a sub- 
poena was  served  on  the  Association’s  Secretary  and 
he  was  haled  before  a secret  session  of  a so-called 
“court  of  inquiry.”  Here,  where  the  tone  was  hostile, 
effort  was  made  to  show  that  the  National  Associa- 
tion was  attempting  to  violate  the  laws  of  Texas  by 
advocating  the  resolution  passed  at  the  Cleveland 
Conference  favoring  equal  and  unsegregated  accom- 
modations on  railroad  cars.  Mr.  Shillady  carefully 
explained  that  this  resolution  had  no  bearing  on  the 
laws  of  Texas  but  applied  only  to  proposed  action 
by  the  federal  Congress. 

When  endeavors  were  made  to  lay  a basis  for  the 
charge  that  the  Association’s  program  could  be  con- 
nected with,  or  might  lead  to,  the  purchase  of  arms 
and  incitement  to  violence,  Mr.  Shillady  stated  most 
emphatically  that  if  the  slightest  bit  of  evidence 
could  be  produced  that  any  of  the  Association’s 
branches  had  been  preaching  or  condoning  violence 
against  the  whites  in  any  way  they  would  be  sus- 
pended at  once  by  the  National  Board  of  Directors 
and  that  he  himself  would  take  the  responsibility  of 
doing  so  on  the  spot.  The  proceedings  were  digni- 
fied by  such  questions  as : 


8 


“If  you’re  a ‘nigger’  lover  why  don’t  you  go  and 
stay  in  a ‘nigger’  hotel?  and  similar  questions  con- 
cerning the  witness  and  his  family. 

After  it  was  over  the  judge  said,  “If  you  have  a 
little  time  to-night,  come  around.  I would  like  to 
talk  with  you.”  Mr.  Shillady  declined  the  invitation. 

Throughout  this  hearing  Mr.  Shillady  endeavored 
to  maintain  an  even-tempered  attitude  and  to  answer 
frankly  and  fairly  all  proper  questions  that  were  put 
to  him.  He  was  most  anxious  to  offer  any  assistance 
possible  to  all  bona  fide  efforts  that  might  be  made 
to  ascertain  the  real  causes  of  friction  and  to  show 
the  Association’s  purpose  and  spirit. 

He  read  into  the  record  after  the  questioning 
had  ceased  statements  concerning  the  lives  and 
records  of  Mr.  Moorfield  Storey,  Major  J.  E.  Spin- 
gain  and  other  prominent  officers  of  the  Association; 
also  the  names  and  public  positions  of  the  high 
federal  and  state  officials,  judges  of  higher  courts 
and  other  principal  signers  of  the  Address  to  the 
Nation  and  the  call  for  the  National  Conference  on 
Lynching  among  whom  were  mentioned  the  At- 
torney General  of  the  United  States,  governors  of 
states  and  some  score  of  prominent  white  southern- 
ers, including  two  Texas  men. 

The  next  morning  Mr.  Shillady  was  shadowed 
wherever  he  went.  As  the  shadowing  was  done  by 
men  whom  he  had  seen  around  the  court  room,  in- 
cluding officers,  he  regarded  it  as  legitimate,  even  if 
hysterical.  After  having  a conference  with  a repre- 
sentative of  the  Austin  Branch,  at  the  office  of  a 
colored  citizen,  he  started  towards  his  hotel.  He 
heard  an  automobile  coming,  probably  the  same 
automobile  which  had  previously  been  noted  as 
lingering  outside  the  office  where  Mr.  Shillady  was 
having  his  conference.  When  he  had  arrived  at  a 
corner  near  his  hotel,  he  was  approached  from  be- 
hind by  a group  of  men  which,  according  to  a public 
statement  made  to  the  Austin  press  by  the  mobbists 
themselves,  included  County  Judge  Dave  Pickle 
and  the  same  constable  who  had  subpoenaed 
him  the  night  before.  The  constable  put  his 
hand  on  Mr.  Shillady’s  arm.  Mr.  Shillady  stood 
unguarded,  expecting  another  subpoena,  when  with- 

9 


out  warning  he  was  struck  in  the  face,  followed  by 
a shower  of  blows  from  the  other  men  surrounding 
him.  After  he  had  been  knocked  down  and  was 
bloody  and  bruised  over  his  face,  head  and  chest,  his 
assailants  left  him. 

No  one  offered  any  assistance.  Subsequently,  at 
Mr.  Shillady’s  request,  the  Mayor  gave  him  police 
protection  until  he  left.  When  he  bought  his  ticket 
the  men  who  took  part  in  the  assault  and  many  more 
were  at  the  station  standing  around,  menacingly. 
The  judge  who  helped  assault  him  was  one  of  the 
men  who  had  been  present  at  the  secret  session  of 
the  court  and  had  had  ample  opportunity  to  arrest 
Mr.  Shillady  had  he  been  outside  the  law. 

AFTER  THE  ASSAULT 

The  first  news  that  the  National  Office  of  the  As- 
sociation had  of  the  assault  was  through  the  Associ- 
ated Press.  The  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Directors 
of  the  Association  telegraphed  the  Governor  of 
Texas,  citing  the  Associated  Press  despatch  that  Mr. 
Shillady  had  been  severely  beaten  in  Austin,  Texas, 
by  several  men  and  concluding  with  the  direct  in- 
quiry: “We  are  asking  you  what  efforts  are  being 
made  at  once  to  punish  the  offender.”  The  Governor 
replied  in  the  following  telegram: 

Austin,  Texas,  August  23,  1919. 

Mary  White  Ovington, 

Chairman,  National  Association  for  the 
Advancement  of  Colored  People, 

70  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York. 

Shillady  was  the  only  offender  in  connection 
with  the  matter  referred  to  in  your  telegram  and 
he  was  punished  before  your  inquiry  came.  Your 
organization  can  contribute  more  to  the  advance- 
ment of  both  races  by  keeping  your  representat- 
ives and  their  propaganda  out  of  this  state  than 
in  any  other  way. 

W.  P.  Hobby, 

Governor  of  Texas. 

In  a speech  a day  or  two  later  Governor  Hobby  is 
reported  by  the  Associated  Press  as  having  said: 

10 


“I  believe  in  Texas  for  Texans  only,  and  just  as 
strongly  do  I believe  that  Texans  should  say  how 
the  affairs  of  the  state  should  be  conducted  and  I 
believe  in  sending  any  narrow-brained,  double- 
chinned  reformer  who  comes  here  with  the  end  in 
view  of  stirring  up  racial  discontent  back  to  the 
North  where  he  came  from,  with  a broken  jaw  if 
necessary.” 

An  Associated  Press  despatch  of  August  23,  widely 
printed,  states  that  County  Judge  Dave  J.  Pickle 
said  that  the  attack  on  Mr.  Shillady  was  made  by 
“himself,  Constable  Charles  Hamby  and  Ben  Pierce, 
none  of  whom,  he  declared,  would  shirk  respons- 
ibility in  the  matter.” 


SUMMARY. 

The  foregoing  circumstantial  account  of  Mr.  Shil- 
lady’s  experience  in  Austin  shows: 

1.  That  he  went  to  Austin  to  confer  with  the 
highest  executive  officers  of  Texas  on  matters  im- 
mediately related  to  his  official  duties. 

2.  That  he  telegraphed  the  Attorney  General  and 
a local  Justice  of  the  Peace  that  he  was  coming. 

3.  That  he  put  himself  at  the  service  of  these 
officials  soon  after  his  arrival. 

4.  That  he  neither  held,  addressed  or  attended 
any  public  or  other  meetings. 

5.  That  his  contact  with  colored  people  was  con- 
fined to  brief  conferences  with  representatives  of  a 
local  branch  of  the  Association  of  which  he  is  sec- 
retary. 

6.  That  he  was  mobbed  by  a County  Judge,  a 
Constable  and  other  citizens,  three  of  whom  gave 
their  names  to  the  public  press. 


11 


National  Association  for  the 
Advancement  of  Colored  People 

70  FIFTH  AVENUE.  NEW  YORK 


NATIONAL  OFFICERS 
President 

Moorfield  Storey 
Vice-Presidents 
Archibald  H.  Grimke 
Rev.  John  Haynes  Holmes 
Bishop  John  Hurst 
Capt.  Arthur  B.  Spingarn 
Oswald  Garrison  Villard 


EXECUTIVE  OFFICERS 
Chairman  of  the  Board 
Mary  White  Ovington 
John  R.  SHILLADY,  Secretary 
MAJOR  J.  E.  Spingarn,  Acting  Treasurer 
Dr.  W.  E.  B.  Du  Bois,  Director  of  Publi- 
cations and  Research 
James  Weldon  Johnson,  Field  Secretary 
Walter  F.  White,  Assistant  Secretary 

board  of  directors 


Chairman.  Mary  White  Ovington,  New  York 


Baltimore 

Bishop  John  Hurst 
Boston 

Joseph  Prince  Loud 
Moorfield  Storey 
Butler  R.  Wilson 
Buffalo 

Mary  B.  Talbert 
Chicago 

Jane  Addams 
Dr.  C.  E.  Bentley 
Los  Angeles 
E.  Burton  Ceruti 
Memphis 

R.  R.  Church 
New  Haven 

George  W.  Crawford 

New  York 

Rev.  Hutchens  C.  Bishop 
Dr.  W.  E.  B.  Du  Bois 
Rev.  John  Haynes  Holme 
Dr.  V.  Morton-Jones 


New  York 

Florence  Kelley 
Paul  Kennaday 
John  E.  Milholland 
Capt.  Arthur  B.  Spingarn 
Major  J.  E.  Spingarn 
Charles  H.  Studin 
Lillian  D.  Wald 
William  English  Walling 

Philadelphia 

Dr.  William  A.  Sinclair 

Springfield 

Rev.  G.  R.  Waller 

Washington 

Prof.  Geo.  William  Cook 
Archibald  H.  Grimk4 
Charles  Edward  Russell 
Neval  H.  Thomas 

Wilberforce 

Col.  Chas.  Young,  U.  S.  A. 


